Illegal Immigration around the World ♿
We have gathered data on illegal immigration in
Austria, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, and the United Kingdom and the United States. We included all of the countries we could find with at least three years of illegal immigration data between 2000 and 2010.
While the statistics for the United States and Turkey only include illegal immigration, the 12 other countries listed measure "irregular immigration," which combines people living in the country illegally with people working in the country illegally (whether they are legal residents).
"Irregular immigration" is a term used by the organization CLANDESTINO, which is the European Union-funded, multi-nation consortium designed to provide data on "unauthorized migration" to EU members. The term includes what people in the United States largely consider illegal immigration: 1. "Seemingly regular registered foreign nationals with falsified papers"; 2. "Children without resident status"; 3. "Aged family members without resident status"; 4. "Unemployed foreign national without resident status"; and 5. "Foreign nationals without residence status in regular tax-paying jobs." "Irregular immigration" also includes people who reside in the country (legally or illegally) and who are working illegally: 6. "'Tourists' from non EU countries in irregular unregistered jobs"; 7. "Foreign nationals without residence status working in irregular unregistered jobs"; 8. "Foreign nationals with residence status and without work permission, in irregular unregistered jobs"; and 9. "Foreign nationals with residence status and work permission, in irregular unregistered jobs."
"Estimating the size and composition of irregular migrant population has never been the main research topic of any survey conducted in the Czech Republic since 1990s. Most of published estimates were rather 'guesstimates' not based on a reliable method, neither with a clear definition of the target group, nor with a fixed time frame. The range of estimates, thus, varied from about 17,000 to 300,000 irregular migrants living in the Czech Republic."
"Current estimates on the stock of irregular immigrants in Germany range from 100,000 to 1 million persons. This difference presented in officical documents underlines that there is no authoritative assessment available which can claim general credibility."
The figures for 1993-2003 above represent irregular immigrants apprehended at the border. A statistical subtracting method was used by the study authors to further reduce those numbers to account for double counting by the authorities of the same persons being arrested twice. These figures represent a "barebones" minimum, and it is likely the numbers are much larger as the authorities cannot apprehend everyone.
"The main difficulty in the study of stock and profiles of illegal immigration concerns documentation. Most of the existing methods of estimation regarding illegal immigration make use of various data sets stemming from different sources (administrative sources, such as ministries and local authorities, statistical services, border and police control). However the precision and reliability of such methods are in serious doubt. The difficulties derive from the fact that illegal immigration, due to its clandestinity, can only be measured indirectly through the traces illegal immigrants leave in the labour market, borders control, domestic police controls, etc. Thus, these data sets can be used only as an indication of the extent of illegal immigration and do not account for a precise measurement."
Austria, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, and the United Kingdom and the United States. We included all of the countries we could find with at least three years of illegal immigration data between 2000 and 2010.
While the statistics for the United States and Turkey only include illegal immigration, the 12 other countries listed measure "irregular immigration," which combines people living in the country illegally with people working in the country illegally (whether they are legal residents).
"Irregular immigration" is a term used by the organization CLANDESTINO, which is the European Union-funded, multi-nation consortium designed to provide data on "unauthorized migration" to EU members. The term includes what people in the United States largely consider illegal immigration: 1. "Seemingly regular registered foreign nationals with falsified papers"; 2. "Children without resident status"; 3. "Aged family members without resident status"; 4. "Unemployed foreign national without resident status"; and 5. "Foreign nationals without residence status in regular tax-paying jobs." "Irregular immigration" also includes people who reside in the country (legally or illegally) and who are working illegally: 6. "'Tourists' from non EU countries in irregular unregistered jobs"; 7. "Foreign nationals without residence status working in irregular unregistered jobs"; 8. "Foreign nationals with residence status and without work permission, in irregular unregistered jobs"; and 9. "Foreign nationals with residence status and work permission, in irregular unregistered jobs."
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| Source: CLANDESTINO, "Irregular Migration in Austria," www.irregular-migration.net, July 2009Google Public Data, "Population," www.google.com/publicdata, Jan. 17, 2013 |
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| Source: Google Public Data, "Population," www.google.com/publicdata, Jan. 17, 2013IOM International Organization for Migration, "Illegal Immigration in Austria," www.irregular-migration.net, Nov. 2005 |
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| Note: This source gave two sets of minimum and maximum numbers for 2002 and two sets of central numbers for 2003.Source: CLANDESTINO, "Stocks of Irregular Migrants: Estimates for Austria," www.irregular-migration.net, Oct. 16, 2009 CLANDESTINO, "Undocumented Migration: Counting the Uncountable. Data and Trends Across Europe," www.irregular-migration.net, Oct. 2009 |
"Estimating the size and composition of irregular migrant population has never been the main research topic of any survey conducted in the Czech Republic since 1990s. Most of published estimates were rather 'guesstimates' not based on a reliable method, neither with a clear definition of the target group, nor with a fixed time frame. The range of estimates, thus, varied from about 17,000 to 300,000 irregular migrants living in the Czech Republic."
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| Note: The numbers above represent only those "persons apprehended for illegal migration," which includes illegal border crossing (including by Czech citizens) and illegal stay.Source: CLANDESTINO, "Undocumented Migration: Counting the Uncountable. Data and Trends Across Europe," www.irregular-migration.net, Sep. 2009 Google Public Data, "Population," www.google.com/publicdata, Jan. 17, 2013 |
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| Note: The figures for 2008-2010 above are only those undocumented migrants caught in the country, sourced by several government departments.Source: CLANDESTINO, "Databases on Irregular Migration," www.irregular-migration.net, 2012 Eurostat, "Population at 1 January," www.epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu, 2012 |
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| Source: CLANDESTINO, "Database on Irregular Migration," www.irregular-migration.net, 2012 |
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| CLANDESTINO, "Undocumented Migration: Counting the Uncountable. Data and Trends Across Europe," www.irregular-migration.net, July 2009Google Public Data, "Population," www.google.com/publicdata, Jan. 17, 2013 |
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| Source: European Migration Network, "Practical Measures for Reducing Irregular Migration," www.irregular-migration.net, 2012Google Public Data, "Population," www.google.com/publicdata, Jan. 17, 2013 |
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| Note: This source gave three minumum numbers and two maximum numbers for 2004, and two minimum numbers for 2007.Source: CLANDESTINO, "Stocks of Irregular Migrants: Estimates for Greece," www.irregular-migration.net, July 2, 2012 Google Public Data, "Population," www.google.com/publicdata, Jan. 17, 2013 |
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| Source: CLANDESTINO, "Database on Irregular Migration," www.irregular-migration.net, 2012Migration Watch, "The Illegal Migrant Population in the UK," www.migrationwatchuk.org, July 28, 2005 Office for National Statistics, "Population Estimates for UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland," www.ons.gov.uk, 2012 Bastian Vollmer, "Undocumented Migration: Counting the Uncountable. Data and Trends Across Europe," www.irregular-migration.net, July 2009 Jo Woodridge, "Sizing the Unauthorised (Illegal) Migrant Population in the United Kingdom in 2001," www.webarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk, May 29, 2001 |
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